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An outfall is the discharge point of a storm drain or waste stream into a body of water. In the United Kingdom, the term may also apply to discharges from a "watercourse", which may be a river, stream or canal.cite-ref-1[1]

• United States permit requirements

• See also

• References

In the United States, point sources may not discharge pollutants to surface waters without a permit issued through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), as required by the Clean Water Act.cite-ref-2[2] Most NPDES permits are issued by state environmental agencies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issues permits in some locations.cite-ref-3[3]

Point sources include industrial facilities; service industries; municipal governments (particularly sewage treatment plants and stormwater outfalls); other government facilities such as military bases; and some agricultural facilities, such as animal feedlots.cite-ref-4[4]

• Combined sewer

• Greywater

• Marine outfall

• Night soil

• River mouth

cite-note-11. ↑ "Structure: Outfall". Bristol, UK: United Kingdom Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs. 2025-04-06.

cite-note-22. ↑ United States. Pub. L. 92–500: Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 Approved October 18, 1972.

cite-note-33. ↑ "National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2025-06-03.

cite-note-44. ↑ "NPDES Permit Basics". EPA. 2025-06-03.